Makshtas Alexander P.


Makshtas Alexander P., Doctor of physics and mathematics, Chief Scientist, State Research Center of the Russian Federation - the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia


WoS ResearcherID: K-7538-2016
Scopus ID: 6701481405
ORCID: 0000-0002-9690-9133
ÐÈÍÖ Spin-êîä: 7627-7043
ÐÈÍÖ AuthorID 60175



Education
1999: Second Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Thesis “The air – sea interaction processes in the polar regions”;
1979: Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Thesis “The heat exchange between atmosphere and ocean through ice cover of different thickness”;
1974-1978: Postgraduate course, Physical Oceanography, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute;
1969: Master’s Degree in Atmospheric Optics, Leningrad State University, Leningrad, USSR. Thesis “ The relaxation processes in rare gases”;
1969: Master’s Degree in radar stations repair, Leningrad State University.


Professional activity
November 2017 – present: Chief scientist, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia,
2004-2017: Leading scientist, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;
1999-2004: Research Professor, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA;
1971-1999: Researcher, Senior Researcher, Head of Laboratory, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.


Field experience:
Development of a technique and experimental study of turbulent, radiation, and green house gases exchanges between sea ice and atmosphere in the polar regions at drifting stations "North pole 22" (1974), "North Pole 23" (1977-1978), "Weddell-1" (1992), SHEBA (1998), Barrow (2001, 2002), expeditions in the East-Siberian sea in 2003, 2004, expedition “Arctic-2007” in the Arctic Basin, expedition on the drifting station "North Pole-35" (March – April 2008), organization of Hydrometeorological Observatory Tiksi and coordination of works there (2007 – 2017), organization and coordination of meteorological studies at new Russian observatory at the Archipelago Severnaya Zemlia, Bolshevik island (2014 - present). Creation of archives and analysis of standard meteorological observations, executed in Tiksi (1932 – 2014), Severnaja Yacutia (1976 -2014), and standard and special meteorological and radiation observations at drifting stations “North Pole 35” – “ North Pole 40” in 2007 – 2013.


Research field
Experimental investigations of the main physical parameters of sea upper layer, sea surface and atmospheric boundary layer in the marginal zones of drifting ice of the Greenland, Barents, Weddell and Chukchi seas. Development the climatic thermodynamic and dynamic-thermodynamic numerical models of sea ice cover in Arctic Basin and investigations of sea ice long-term variability. Creation and analysis of historical datasets meteorological and radiosoundings, executed in the North and South Polar Regions. Experimental and theoretical studies of the physical processes in the system "atmospheric boundary layer-sea surface (including open water and sea ice)-ocean upper layer" and radiation transfer in polar atmosphere, sea ice and sea in the Arctic and Antarctic. Development of new parameterizations of energy and gas exchange processes and methods of observation. Numerical simulations of sea ice and atmospheric boundary layer.


Scientific organisations and expertise:
1989-1991: A member of Working Group on Sea Ice and Climate WMO/WCRP.
1992: Scientific co-ordinator of Russian part of the Russian-USA Drifting station "Weddell".
1994-1995: Joint Russian-US project (AARI, APL, World Data Centre on Sea Ice): "Meteorological data of the drifting stations "North Pole" (2 years).
1996-1998: Joint Russian-US project: "The investigation of sea ice heat balance on the base of available data" (2 years).
1999-2002: Norwegian Research Council project: “Physical mechanisms of formation and destruction of fast ice in the western Arctic basin” (3 years).
2000-2001: Joint Russian-US project (AARI, IARC): “Climate variability of the polar atmosphere revealed with historical radio soundings information” (2 years).
2004-2005: Joint Russian-US projects (AARI, IARC): “Long-Term Variability of Free Atmosphere in the Arctic” and “Radiation climate of the East-Siberian Sea in the present and past”.
2004 – present – 5 grants of the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research.
2010 – 2012 Grant CRDF “Surface Energy Budgets and Seasonal Cycling of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor at the U.S. - Russian Hydrometeorological Climate Observatory in Tiksi, Russia”.


Publications:
Total number of peer-reviewed publications 152 (1974-2018).

Selected publications:

  1. Makshtas A.P., 1984: The heat budget of Arctic ice in the winter, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 66p. (in Russian). Translated in English by International Glaciological Society, published in 1991, 65 p.
  2. E.L. Andreas, Makshtas A.P., 1985: Energy exchange over Antarctic sea ice in the spring. JGR, v.90, 7199-7212.
  3. Makshtas A.P., Nazarenko L.S., Shutilin S.V., 1988: The model of sea ice cover in Arctic basin. In book: "The mathematical models in investigations of ocean dynamic", Novosibirsk, 96-116 (in Russian).
  4. Makshtas A.P., Podgorny I.A., 1991: The role of the West Spitsbergen Current in the formation of ice edges position. Polar Research, 9(2), 207-210.
  5. Makshtas A.P., Timachev V.F., Andreas E.L., 1998: Structure of the atmospheric lower layer over the Weddell sea ice. Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, 92-102 (in Russian).
  6. Makshtas A. P., Andreas E. L., Svyashennikov P. N., Timachev V. F., 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice model. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77-113.
  7. Jordan R. E., Andreas E. L., Makshtas A. P., 1999: Heat budget of snow-covered sea ice at North Pole 4, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7785 -7806.
  8. Andreas E. L., K. J. Claffey, A.P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the Western Weddell sea, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459-486.
  9. Makshtas A. P., R. Korsnes, 2001: Distribution of solar radiation in the Barents Sea marginal ice zone during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2531-2543.
  10. Makshtas A., Shoutilin S., Andreas E., 2003: Possible dynamic and thermal causes for the recent decrease in sea ice in the Arctic. J. Ceophys. Res., vol. 108, 25-1 - 25-13.
  11. Ikeda M., J. Wang, A. Makshtas, 2003: Importance of clouds to the decaying trend and decadal variability in the arctic ice cover. J. of the Met. Soc. of Japan, v.81, N 1, 179-189.
  12. Divine D.V., R. Korsnes, A. Makshtas, 2003: Variability and climate sensitivity of fast ice extent in the north-eastern Kara Sea. Polar Res. 22, 27-34.
  13. Maistrova V., Colony R., Nagurny A., Makshtas A., 2003: Long-term trends of temperature and specific humidity of free atmosphere in the North Polar Region. Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Science, v.391, N1, 112-116.
  14. Andreas E.L., R.E. Jordan, A.P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulation of snow, ice and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell, J. of Hydrometeorology, vol. 5, 611 - 624.
  15. D.V. Divine, R. Korsnes, A.P. Makshtas, 2004: Temporal and spatial variation of shore-fast ice in the Kara Sea, Continental Shelf Res., 24, 1717-1736.
  16. Semiletov I., A. Makshtas, S. Akasofu, E.L. Andreas, 2004: Atmospheric CO2 balance: The role of Arctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05121.
  17. Andreas E.L., R.E. Jordan, A.P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: the ice station Weddell results, Boundary-Layer Meteorlogy, v.114, 439 – 459.
  18. Makshtas A.P., Bolshakova I.I., Gun R.M., Jukova O.L., Ivanov N.E., Shutilin S.V., 2011: Climate of the Hydrometeorological Observatory Tiksi region. In Meteorological and geophysical investigations. Ì.: Paulsen, 2011, 49 – 74 (in Russian).
  19. G.L. Manney, M.L. Santee, M. Rex, N.J. Livesey, M.C. Pitts, P. Veefkind, E. R. Nash, I. Wohltmann, R. Lehmann, L. Froidevaux, L.R. Poole, M.R. Schoeberl, D.P. Haffner, J. Davies, V. Dorokhov, H. Gernandt, B. Johnson, R. Kivi, E. Kyr?, N. Larsen, P.F. Levelt, A. Makshtas, C.T. McElroy, H. Nakajima, M.C. Parrondo, D.W. Tarasick, P. von der Gathen, K.A. Walker, N. S. Zinoviev,2011: Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011. Nature, Vol. 478, 469–475, DOI:doi:10.1038/nature10556).
  20. Meier W. N., G. K. Hovelsrud, B.E.H. van Oort, J. R. Key, K. M. Kovacs, C. Michel, C. Haas, M.A. Granskog, S.Gerland5, D.K. Perovich, A. Makshtas, J. D. Reist,. 2014: Arctic sea ice in transformation: A review of recent observed changes and impacts on biology and human activity, Rev. Geophys., 51, doi: 10.1002/2013RG000431.
  21. Nagurny A.P., Makshtas A.P., 2016: Concentration of methane in atmospheric boundary layer by data of measurements on drifting ice stations “North Pole – 36” and “North Pole 39”. Meteorology and hydrology , ¹3, ñ. 63 – 70.
  22. Ï.Â. Áîãîðîäñêèé, À.Ñ. Ãðóáûé, Â.Þ. Êóñòîâ, À.Ï. Ìàêøòàñ, Ë.À. Ñîêîëîâà, 2018. Ðîñò ïðèïàÿ è åãî âëèÿíèå íà çàìåðçàíèå âåðõíåãî ñëîÿ äîííûõ îòëîæåíèé â ïðèáðåæíîé çîíå ãóáû Áóîð-Õàÿ (ìîðå Ëàïòåâûõ). ˸ä è Ñíåã, ò. 58, ¹ 2, ñ. 213 – 224.
  23. Grachev A.A., Persson P.O.G., Uttal T., Akish E.A., Cox C.J., Morris S.M., Fairall C.W., Stone R.S., Lesins G., Makshtas A.P., Repina I.A., 2018. Seasonal and latitudinal variations of surface fluxes at two Arctic terrestrial sites. Climate Dynamics. 51(5-6): 1793–1818. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-017-3983
  24. Kazutoshi Sato, Jun Inoue, Akira Yamazaki, Joo-Hong Kim, Alexander Makshtas,Vasilli Kustov, Marion Maturilli, Klaus Dethloff, 2018. Impact on predictability of tropical and mid-latitude cyclones by extra Arctic observations. Scientific Reports (Nature), in press
  25. Vihma T., P. Uotila, S. Sandven, D. Pozdnyakov, A. Makshtas, A. Pelyasov, R. Pirazzini, F.Danielsen, S. Chalov, H.K. Lappalainen, V. Ivanov, I. Frolov, A. Albin, B. Cheng, S.y Dobrolyubov, V. Arkhipkin, S. Móslenkov , T. Pet?j?, M. Kulmala. Towards the Marine Arctic Component of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-524 (submitted).