WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE
ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY
WMO/OMM/ВМО - No.259 &bull Edition 1970 - 2004
Ice terms arranged by subject |
| 1 |  | | T.Suzuki, Japan | | 2.1.1 Frazil ice | | |
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| 2 | .jpg) | | 600 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 2.1.2 Grease ice | | |
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| 3 | .jpg) | | T.C.Pullen,Canada | | 2.1.2 Grease ice | | |
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| 4 | .jpg) | | 600 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 2.1.3 Slush | | |
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| 5 | .jpg) | | K.S.Simpson,Canada | | 2.1.3 Slush | | |
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| 6 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 2.1.4 Shuga | | |
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| 7 | .jpg) | | J.A.Weaver,Canada | | 2.1.4 Shuga | | |
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| 8 | .jpg) | | V.Yanike, USSR | | 2.2.1 Dark nilas | | |
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| 9 | .jpg) | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 2.2.1 Dark nilas | | |
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| 10 | .jpg) | | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 2.2.2 Light nilas | | |
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| 11 | .jpg) | | V.Yanike, USSR | | 2.2.2 Light nilas | | |
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| 12 | .jpg) | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 2.2.3 Ice rind | | |
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| 13 | .jpg) | | T.Armstrong, Gt.Britain | | 2.2.3 Ice rind | | |
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| 14 | .jpg) | | 750 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 2.4.1 Grey ice | | |
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| 15 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 2.4.1 Grey ice | | |
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| 16 | .jpg) | | 300 | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 2.4.2 Grey-white ice | | |
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| 17 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 2.4.2 Grey-white ice | | |
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| 18 | .jpg) | | 750 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 2.5.1 Thin first-year ice / white ice | | |
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| 19 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 2.5.1 Thin first-year ice / white ice | | |
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| 20 | .jpg) | | 1350 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 2.5.2 Medium first-year ice | | |
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| 21 | .jpg) | | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 2.5.2 Medium first-year ice | | |
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| 22 | .jpg) | | 400 | V.S.Loshchilov, USSR | | 2.5.3 Thick first-year ice | | |
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| 23 | .jpg) | | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 2.5.3 Thick first-year ice | | |
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| 24 | .jpg) | | 10000 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 2.6.1 Second-year ice | | |
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| 25 | .jpg) | | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 2.6.1 Second-year ice | | |
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| 26 | .jpg) | | 300 | R.H.W.Hill, Canada | | 2.6.1 Second-year ice | | |
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| 27 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 2.6.2 Multi-year ice | | |
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| 28 | .jpg) | | 2000 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 2.6.2 Multi-year ice | | |
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| 29 | .jpg) | | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 2.6.2 Multi-year ice | | |
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| 30 | .jpg) | | 1500 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 3.1 Fast ice | | |
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| 31 | .jpg) | | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 3.1 Fast ice | | |
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| 32 | .jpg) | | 150 | U.S.Navy | | 3.1.1 Young coastal ice | | |
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| 33 | .jpg) | | 1000 | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 3.1.1 Young coastal ice | | |
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| 34 | .jpg) | | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 3.2 Icefoot | | |
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| 35 | .jpg) | | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 3.2 Icefoot | | |
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| 36 |  | | R.H.W.Hill, Canada | | 3.3 Anchor ice | | |
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| 37 | .jpg) | | 100 | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 3.4 Grounded ice | | |
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| 38 | .jpg) | | Armed Forces,Canada | | 3.4 Grounded ice | | |
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| 39 |  | | Hydrographic Service, Canada | | 3.4.1 Stranded ice | | |
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| 40 | .jpg) | | 500 | Hydrometeorological Inst., USSR | | 3.4.2 Grounded hummock | | |
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| 41 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 3.4.2 Grounded hummock | | |
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| 42 | .jpg) | | 500 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.2.1 Compact ice | | |
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| 43 | .jpg) | | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 4.2.1 Compact ice | | |
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| 44 | .jpg) | | 200 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.2.1.1 Consolidated ice | | |
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| 45 | .jpg) | | J.F.Hurley, Gt.Britain | | 4.2.1.1 Consolidated ice | | |
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| 46 | .jpg) | | 1000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.2.2 Very close ice | | |
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| 47 | .jpg) | | Hamburg, Germany (fed. Rep) | | 4.2.2 Very close ice | | |
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| 48 | .jpg) | | 300 | USSR | | 4.2.3 Close ice | | |
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| 49 | .jpg) | | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 4.2.3 Close ice | | |
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| 50 | .jpg) | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.2.4 Open ice | | |
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| 51 | .jpg) | | B.Rodhe, Sweden | | 4.2.4 Open ice | | |
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| 52 | .jpg) | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.2.5 Very open ice | | |
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| 53 | .jpg) | | F.Krugler, Germany (Fed. Rep) | | 4.2.5 Very open ice | | |
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| 54 |  | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.2.6 Open water | | |
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| 55 |  | | 600 | Hydrometeorological Inst., USSR | | 4.2.7 Bergy water | | |
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| 56 | .jpg) | | Inst. Low Temperature Science, Japan | | 4.3.1 Pancake ice | | |
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| 57 | .jpg) | | Antarctic Inst., Argentina | | 4.3.1 Pancake ice | | |
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| 58 |  | | 12000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.2.1 Floe giant | | |
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| 59 | .jpg) | | 12000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.2.2 Floe vast | | |
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| 60 | .jpg) | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.3.2.2 Floe vast | | |
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| 61 | .jpg) | | 12000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.2.3 Floe big | | |
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| 62 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.2.3 Floe big | | |
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| 63 | .jpg) | | 500 | Hydrometeorological Inst., USSR | | 4.3.2.4 Floe medium | | |
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| 64 | .jpg) | | Hakodate Marine Observatory(JMA), Japan | | 4.3.2.4 Floe medium | | |
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| 65 | .jpg) | | 100 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.2.5 Floe small | | |
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| 66 | .jpg) | | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 4.3.2.5 Floe small | | |
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| 67 | .jpg) | | 250 | Hamburg, Germany (fed. Rep) | | 4.3.3 Ice cake | | |
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| 68 | .jpg) | | Hydrographic Service, Canada | | 4.3.3 Ice cake | | |
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| 69 | .jpg) | | 600 | ARmed Forces,Canada | | 4.3.4 Floeberg | | |
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| 70 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 4.3.4 Floeberg | | |
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| 71 |  | | 500 | USSR | | 4.3.5 Ice breccia | | |
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| 72 | .jpg) | | 600 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 4.3.6 Brash ice | | |
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| 73 | .jpg) | | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 4.3.6 Brash ice | | |
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| 74 |  | | 1800 | Hakodate Marine Observatory(JMA), Japan | | 4.4.1 Ice field | | |
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| 75 |  | | 1800 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.4.1.4 Ice patch | | |
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| 76 | .jpg) | | 500 | Air Force, Finland | | 4.4.3 Belt | | |
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| 77 | .jpg) | | Hamburg, Germany (fed. Rep) | | 4.4.3 Belt | | |
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| 78 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 4.4.4 Tongue | | |
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| 79 | .jpg) | | 1500 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.4.4 Tongue | | |
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| 80 | .jpg) | | 300 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.4.5 Strip | | |
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| 81 | .jpg) | | R.N.Panzarini, Argentina | | 4.4.5 Strip | | |
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| 82 | .jpg) | | 1500 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 4.4.6 Bight | | |
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| 83 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 4.4.6 Bight | | |
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| 84 |  | | 300 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.4.7 Ice jam | | |
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| 85 | .jpg) | | 500 | G.Tauber, USSR | | 4.4.8.1 Compacted ice edge | | |
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| 86 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 4.4.8.1 Compacted ice edge | | |
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| 87 |  | | 100 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 4.4.8.2 Diffuse ice edge | | |
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| 88 |  | | 300 | USSR | | 4.4.9.1 Fast ice boundary | | |
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| 89 |  | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 4.4.9.2 Concentration boundary | | |
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| 90 | .jpg) | | 200 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 7.1 Fracture | | |
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| 91 | .jpg) | | Inst. Low Temperature Science, Japan | | 7.1 Fracture | | |
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| 92 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 7.1.1 Crack | | |
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| 93 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 7.1.1 Crack | | |
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| 94 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 7.1.1.1 Tide crack | | |
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| 95 | .jpg) | | G.Taylor, Gt.Britain | | 7.1.1.1 Tide crack | | |
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| 96 | .jpg) | | 550 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 7.1.1.2 Flaw | | |
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| 97 | .jpg) | | Antarctic Inst., Argentina | | 7.1.1.2 Flaw | | |
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| 98 |  | | 1800 | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 7.2 Fracture zone | | |
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| 99 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 7.3 Lead | | |
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| 100 | .jpg) | | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 7.3 Lead | | |
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| 101 | .jpg) | | 600 | Trans-Antarctig Expedition, Gt. Britain | | 7.3.1 Shore lead | | |
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| 102 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 7.3.1 Shore lead | | |
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| 103 | .jpg) | | Armed Forces,Canada | | 7.3.2 Flaw lead | | |
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| 104 | .jpg) | | V.A.Voevodin, USSR | | 7.3.2 Flaw lead | | |
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| 105 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 7.4.1 Shore polynya | | |
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| 106 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 7.4.2 Flaw polynya | | |
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| 107 | .jpg) | | J.S.Fabricius, Denmark | | 8.1 Level ice | | |
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| 108 | .jpg) | | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 8.1 Level ice | | |
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| 109 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 8.2.1 Rafted ice | | |
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| 110 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 8.2.1 Rafted ice | | |
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| 111 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 8.2.1.1 Finger rafted ice | | |
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| 112 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 8.2.1.1 Finger rafted ice | | |
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| 113 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.2.2.1 New ridge | | |
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| 114 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 8.2.2.1 New ridge | | |
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| 115 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.2.2.2 Weathered ridge | | |
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| 116 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 8.2.2.2 Weathered ridge | | |
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| 117 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.2.2.3 Very weathered ridge | | |
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| 118 | .jpg) | | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 8.2.2.3 Very weathered ridge | | |
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| 119 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 8.2.2.4 Aged ridge | | |
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| 120 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 8.2.2.4 Aged ridge | | |
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| 121 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.2.2.6 Ridged ice | | |
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| 122 | .jpg) | | H.G.Ponting, Gt.Britain | | 8.2.2.6 Ridged ice | | |
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| 123 |  | | U.S.Navy | | 8.2.2.6.1 Ridged ice zone | | |
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| 124 | .jpg) | | USSR | | 8.2.3.1 Hummocked ice | | |
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| 125 | .jpg) | | Meteorological Agency, Japan | | 8.2.3.1 Hummocked ice | | |
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| 126 | .jpg) | | 225 | A.V.Bushuev, USSR | | 8.3 Standing floe | | |
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| 127 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 8.3 Standing floe | | |
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| 128 | .jpg) | | U.S.Coast Guard | | 8.4 Ram | | |
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| 129 | .jpg) | | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 8.4 Ram | | |
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| 130 | .jpg) | | 600 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.5 Bare ice | | |
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| 131 | .jpg) | | National Film Board, Canada | | 8.5 Bare ice | | |
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| 132 | .jpg) | | 300 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.6 Snow-covered ice | | |
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| 133 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 8.6 Snow-covered ice | | |
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| 134 | .jpg) | | 1000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.6.1 Sastrugi | | |
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| 135 | .jpg) | | B.Fristrup, Denmark | | 8.6.1 Sastrugi | | |
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| 136 | .jpg) | | 300 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 8.6.2 Snowdrift | | |
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| 137 | .jpg) | | H.G.Ponting, Gt.Britain | | 8.6.2 Snowdrift | | |
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| 138 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 9.1 Puddle | | |
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| 139 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 9.1 Puddle | | |
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| 140 | .jpg) | | M.Dunbar, Canada | | 9.2 Thaw holes | | |
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| 141 | .jpg) | | 450 | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 9.2 Thaw holes | | |
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| 142 | .jpg) | | 300 | N.M.Shakirov, USSR | | 9.3 Dried ice | | |
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| 143 | .jpg) | | E.M.Bartashevich, USSR | | 9.3 Dried ice | | |
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| 144 | .jpg) | | 400 | U.S.Navy | | 9.4 Rotten ice | | |
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| 145 | .jpg) | | J.S.Fabricius, Denmark | | 9.4 Rotten ice | | |
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| 146 | .jpg) | | 200 | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 9.5 Flooded ice | | |
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| 147 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 9.5 Flooded ice | | |
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| 148 | .jpg) | | 1500 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 10.2.1 Glacier | | |
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| 149 | .jpg) | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 10.2.1 Glacier | | |
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| 150 |  | | R.N.Panzarini, Argentina | | 10.2.2 Ice wall | | |
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| 151 |  | | Geodetic Institute, Denmark Permit A 298/69 | | 10.2.3 Ice stream | | |
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| 152 |  | | Geodetic Institute, Denmark Permit A 298/69 | | 10.2.4 Glacier tongue | | |
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| 153 |  | | 3000 | U.S.Navy | | 10.3 Ice shelf | | |
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| 154 | .jpg) | | Antarctic Inst., Argentina | | 10.3.1 Ice front | | |
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| 155 | .jpg) | | U.S.Coast Guard | | 10.3.1 Ice front | | |
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| 156 | .jpg) | | U.S.Coast Guard | | 10.4.2 Iceberg | | |
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| 157 | .jpg) | | National Inst. Of Oceanography, Gt.Britain | | 10.4.2 Iceberg | | |
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| 158 | .jpg) | | U.S.Navy | | 10.4.2.2 Tabular berg | | |
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| 159 | .jpg) | | R.N.Panzarini, Argentina | | 10.4.2.2 Tabular berg | | |
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| 160 |  | | 1000 | J.A.Weaver,Canada | | 10.4.2.3 Iceberg tongue | | |
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| 161 | .jpg) | | 6000 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 10.4.3 Ice island | | |
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| 162 | .jpg) | | R.H.W.Hill, Canada | | 10.4.3 Ice island | | |
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| 163 | .jpg) | | 300 | R.H.W.Hill, Canada | | 10.4.3 Ice island | | |
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| 164 | .jpg) | | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 10.4.3 Ice island | | |
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| 165 | .jpg) | | 160 | Kenting Aviation, Canada | | 10.4.4 Bergy bit | | |
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| 166 | .jpg) | | U.S.Coast Guard | | 10.4.4 Bergy bit | | |
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| 167 | .jpg) | | U.S.Coast Guard | | 10.4.5 Growler | | |
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| 168 | .jpg) | | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 10.4.5 Growler | | |
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| 169 |  | | Defence Research Boat, Canada | | 11.1 Water sky | | |
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| 170 |  | | Y.Y.Gakkel, USSR | | 11.2 Ice blink | | |
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| 171 | .jpg) | | 200 | H.H.Valeur, Denmark | | 11.3 Frost smoke | | |
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| 172 | .jpg) | | R.Van Humbeck, Canada | | 11.3 Frost smoke | | |
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| 173 |  | | 100 | Air Force, Finland | | 12.1 Beset | | |
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| 174 |  | | 550 | Armed Forces,Canada | | 12.2 Ice-bound | | |
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| 175 |  | | U.S.Navy | | 12.7 Area of weakness | | |
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| 176 |  | | U.S.Navy | | 13.4 Bummock | | |
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